Lactase Deficiency

Lactase is an enzyme that is produced by cells within the small intestine and is responsible for the breakdown of lactose which is a sugar contained in milk and milk products. When there is a sufficient amount of lactase present within the intestine, it breaks down the lactose sugar into two simpler forms of sugar that are called galactose and glucose which are then absorbed into the bloodstream.

Many individuals have a low level of lactase within their system but do not have any signs or symptoms; however, some individuals who have an insufficient amount of the lactase enzyme are unable to fully digest the lactose sugar and will experience uncomfortable symptoms when consuming milk or products that contain milk. These individuals have the condition known as lactose intolerance. 

Causes and Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance 

Lactose intolerance is a deficiency of the lactase enzyme that may occur due to certain factors.  Primary lactose intolerance occurs in some individuals due to the aging process. When an individual is born, the body produces a large amount of lactose and throughout the childhood years when the primary source of nutrition consists of milk.

Typically the production of lactase decreases as the diet changes and contains more of a variation of food. This gradual decrease in the production of lactose may cause some individuals to experience the symptoms of lactose intolerance.

Secondary lactose intolerance occurs when there is a decrease in the production of lactase by the small intestine due to an injury or surgical procedure. This type of lactose intolerance can also develop due to an intestinal disease such as Crohn's disease, IBD or inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, or gastroenteritis. 

Congenital lactose intolerance is a very rare form of lactose intolerance as two of the defective genes that cause this disorder must be inherited with one being passed on from both the mother and father.

The symptoms of lactose intolerance typically develop thirty minutes to two hours after consuming a food or beverage that contains lactose and can include nausea, diarrhea, gas, bloating, and abdominal cramps. These symptoms are typically mild in the majority of individuals; however, some individuals can experience symptoms that are more severe. 

Treatment for Lactose Intolerance 

While there is no cure for lactose intolerance or method of treatment that can increase the production of the lactase enzyme by the small intestine, individuals who suffer from this condition can typically control their symptoms by reducing or avoiding dairy products and substituting them with products that are specifically made for individuals who suffer from this disorder such as "lactose-reduced" or "lactose free" milk and milk products.

While lactose intolerance rarely occurs in young children and is primarily seen in adults, if you or your child is experiencing any symptoms of a food intolerance or suspect that you may have a lactose intolerance, you should consult with your health care provider to obtain a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.