Bulimia Prognosis

One of dangerous complications that can occur with the eating disorder of bulimia is low levels of electrolytes due to dehydration which may occur from the loss of fluids experienced when the individual vomits, takes laxatives, and uses diuretics or other techniques after binging.

When an individual experiences dehydration which is mild to moderate, this can typically be treated by increasing their intake of fluids, however, in severe cases of dehydration emergency medical treatment is necessary.  Electrolytes are essential in keeping the body hydrated and when the levels of electrolytes become too low serious complications can occur including hypovolemic shock, brain swelling and even death.  

Brain Swelling and Seizures

When the body loses fluid due to dehydration, the sodium which is lost in these fluids equals the same amount of sodium in the blood; however, sometimes the amount of sodium lost can be more than the fluid. When this happens the body tries to compensate by creating particles to rehydrate the cells.

Sometimes when this occurs, the cells absorb too much water which causes them to expand and rupture. When the brain cells are affected the consequences can be fatal. Seizures can also occur with dehydration when the brains electrical discharges become disorganized leading to muscle spasms as well as the potential for a loss of consciousness.

Hypovolemic Shock and Hypokalemia

The condition known as hypovolemic shock can also occur with dehydration and is one of the most serious complications. This condition can occur when the blood pressure drops due to low blood volume in the system which results in a significantly low level of oxygen reaching the body tissues. If this condition is left untreated, it can be fatal in a matter of minutes.

The condition of hypokalemia often times occurs when an individual who is bulimic uses diuretics after binging. Hypokalemia is the medical term used for a low potassium level in the blood and may also occur with prolonged vomiting or diarrhea. Low levels of potassium can cause confusion, fatigue, muscle cramps and weakness. In severe cases of hypokalemia heart arrhythmia and paralysis can occur.

Hypocalcemia

Hypocalcemia is the medical term for a low calcium level. This condition can occur when an individual has an insufficient amount of vitamin D in their system which can be caused when an individual is not receiving enough of the D vitamin through foods.  A vitamin D deficiency can also occur due to a lack of sunlight as vitamin D is also produced by the skin when it is exposed to sunlight.

Low levels of the hormone parathyroid will also cause a vitamin D deficiency. This condition can cause a tingling or numbness in the hands and feet. In severe cases of hypocalcemia confusion and seizures can also occur. These are just a few of the many conditions which can be caused due to an electrolyte imbalance. Individuals with bulimia are highly susceptible to these electrolyte imbalances when they binge eat and then purge in order to avoid gaining weight from their excess caloric intake.